情报组科普文系列:ISU的大炮的巨根梦

2017-01-21 13:39:02 神评论

17173 新闻导语

“ISU加强主炮计划”无论怎么看,最终都是以失败而告终的

Object 246 (ISU-152-1)

Object 246 (ISU-152-1) with the 152 mm BL-8. This vehicle is distinguishable by its slightly longer gun than the Object 247 (15 cm, or 5.9 inches), but the same muzzle brake, and its unchanged gun replicator.


246工程(ISU-152-1)装备152mm BL-8.这辆车的特征是比247工程的主炮(15cm)稍微长一点的炮管长度,但是制退器没有改动,而且复进器也没有改动。


The Object 246 featured the 152 mm BL-8 gun. This vehicle can be distinguished by its distinctive muzzle brake, and unaltered gun replicator.


246工程装备有152mmBL-8主炮。这辆自行火炮的特征为比较特殊的制退器以及没有改过的复进器。


It could reportedly penetrate 203 mm of armor at 90 degrees from up to 2000 m away (dubious) 1, with 3 rounds per minute.


实验报告说他能在2000m外穿透203mm/90°的装甲(数据存疑1),射速3发每分


The gun had a muzzle velocity of 850 m/s with a 43.56 kg HE shell.


炮口初速850m/s,HE炮弹重43.56千克


It had a maximum range of 18,500 m.


最大射程18500m


It could carry 21 rounds.


载弹量21发

Whilst these results sound excellent, trials in December 1944 showed that the crew found operating the gun difficult, the muzzle brake and breech block were unreliable, and the barrel strength and angle of horizontal guidance were unsatisfactory. Consider also that the very long gun would limit the maneuverability of the vehicle, much like the D-25S on the ISU-122S limited its maneuverability. As a result, the 152mm BL-10 was developed…


数据看起来不错,1944年12月进行的测试却表示操作这门炮非常困难,制退器和炮栓非常不靠谱,炮管的强度以及水平仪都不尽人意。另外,这门炮的长度也非常长,可能影响到本车的机动性(开着开着炮管锄地里拔不出来),就像D-25S影响ISU-122S一样。结果就是,他们开发了152mm BL-10(基佬十:帕秋莉♂GO!)……

Object 247/ISU-152-2 by David Bocquelet


Object 247 (ISU-152-2)


247工程(ISU-152-2)

Object 247 (ISU-152-2) with the 152 mm BL-10. This vehicle is distinguishable by the length of its barrel (it was slightly shorter compared to the BL-8), its muzzle brake, and its altered gun replicator.


247工程(ISU-152-2)用有一门152mm BL-10主炮。这辆车的特征是超长炮管(尽管比BL-8稍微短一点),有制退器,以及可动的的复进器。


The Object 247 fitted the 152 mm BL-10 gun, an improvement of the BL-8. This vehicle can be distinguished by its muzzle brake and slightly altered gun mantlet, whereby the rectangular tip of the gun replicating system had been angled, unlike the original ISU mantlet.


247工程装有152mm BL-10主炮,其是BL-8火炮的改进版。本车的特征为其制退器以及稍微可动的炮盾长方形盖子,这是因为主炮和原版ISU不一样,复进器有角度。

It could penetrate 205 mm of armor from 1000 m.


1000m穿深205mm


The gun had a muzzle velocity of 851 m/s with a 43.56 kg HE shell.


炮口初速851m/s,HE弹重43.56kg


It had a maximum range of 17,000 m.


最大射程17000m


It could carry 20 HE shells.


可携带20发HE


Testing revealed that barrel integrity and angle of horizontal guidance were poor.


测试限时,垂直水平射界都不高


It was eventually deemed that there was no need for this work to continue, mostly because the war was over, and there was no need to combat heavily armored German vehicles.


这个工程最终也被证明无需继续下去了,基本原因是因为战争已经结束了,再也不用和德国的超重型坦克战斗了


Consider also, that whilst the barrel length was a little shorter than the BL-8, it, too, would still suffer from maneuverability issues as a result.


另外就是,虽然炮管长度比BL-8稍微短一点,但是依旧在机动的时候会造成很多问题。

Object 250 (ISU-130)


250工程(ISU-130)

Object 250 (ISU-130) with the 130 mm S-26. This vehicle is distinguishable by its unique muzzle brake.


250工程(ISU-130)装别有130mm S-26。这辆车的特征是其独一无二的制退器


The Object 250 (ISU-130) was built in autumn, 1944 and featured a 130 mm (5.12 in) S-26 gun. This gun is sometimes referred to as a naval gun, but this is not entirely accurate – the S-26 derived from a naval gun and featured a rectangular muzzle brake and horizontal wedges.


250工程与1944年秋天建成,装备一门130mm(5.12英寸)S-26火炮。这门火炮有时候经常被称作是一门舰炮,但是这句话不完全对,因为S-26虽然是以舰炮设计的,但是却拥有一个方形的制退器,以及水平的楔子。

It could penetrate 196 mm of armor from 1000 m.


1000m穿深为196mm


It had a muzzle velocity of 702 m/s, firing a 33.4kg HE shell, with 1.5-2.5 rounds per minute.


炮口初速702m/s,HE炮弹重33.4kg,射速1.5-2.5每秒。


It had a range of 15,000 m.


射程15000m


It could carry 25 shells, which were smaller than 152mm shells, meaning that it provided similar ballistic results to the 152mm BM guns, but could carry more shells.


可以携带25发炮弹,因为130mm炮弹比152的小一些,换句话说,130mm炮拥有和152mm BM炮类似的弹道效果,却能携带更多的炮弹

In October 1944, the ISU-130 underwent factory trials, and the following month, trials were held at the Polygon.


1944年10月,ISU-130进行了工厂测试,测试在Semipalatinsk测试场进行


A major concern came from the caliber – 130mm. The issue was that the army would have to make special arrangements for the 130mm naval shells to be supplied to the army, and thus it was decided that a gun using current army-issue 122mm or 152mm would be preferable.


主要问题在于口径130mm。问题在于,军方需要为该车另开辟一个特殊的补给线,但是如果用122mm或者152mm口径却不会有这个问题


Testing of the ISU-130 ended in 1945, and the gun was sent to the TaSKB for completion, but the war was over, and the project was disbanded.


1945年,ISU-130的测试结束,这辆自行火炮被送至TaSKB进行对比,但是战争已经结束,所以项目也就取消了

The ISU-130 is currently preserved at the Kubinka Tank Museum.


现在你仍能在库宾卡坦克博物馆看到这辆战车。

Object 251 (ISU-122-3)


251工程(ISU-122-3)

Object 251 (ISU-122-3) with the 122 mm S-26-1. This vehicle is distinguishable by its round gun mantlet and its unique cylindrical muzzle brake.


251工程(ISU-122-3)搭载一门122mm S-26-1火炮。这辆车的显著特征是圆形的炮盾以及特殊的圆形制退器


The Object 251 was derived from the ISU-130. It featured essentially a 122 mm version of the 130 mm S-26, which was designated the S-26-1. It had a round muzzle brake, different components, but the mantlet was the same shape.


251工程是ISU-130的发展型号。这门火炮基本上就是122mm型的130mm S-26,代号为S-26-1。制退器为圆形,但是炮盾保持了原来的样子


It could penetrate 204 mm of armor from 1000 m.


1000m穿深为204mm


It had very similar ballistics to the BL-9, but had a muzzle velocity of 1000 m/s, firing a 25kg shell.


弹道属性类似BL-9,但是炮弹初速为1000m/s,炮弹重25kg。


It could fire a disappointing 1.5-1.8 rounds per minute.


但是射速丢人,只有1.5-1.8发每分


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