天才还是逗比：设计师爱德华-格罗泰

今天，我们来看看一位天（dou）才（bi）设计师爱德华-格罗泰的设计成果：

In the late 1920s, the USSRdiscovered that they were kind of screwed as far as tank building went. The MS-1 tank was no longercapable of meeting the requirements of modern war, not to mention the agedtanks captured during the Russian Civil War from the interventionist forces.

在1920年代后期，苏联人发现他们在坦克发展上走了弯路。MS-1已不能满足现代战争的需要，更别提在俄国内战期间缴获自干涉主义者的那一批古董坦克了。

The way taken out of the situation was very reasonable: hireforeign specialists, have them build tanks at Soviet factories, let Sovietengineers and workers gather valuable experience. Unfortunately, the foreignspecialists gathered for the task were not so reasonable. One of these specialistswas Edward Grotte. Grotte worked for the USSR for less than two years (March of1930 – fall of 1931). However, he managed to produce a number of interestingideas in the meantime.

解决这个问题的方法很简单：雇佣外国的专家，把他们安排在苏联工厂中指导坦克的建造，并让苏联工程师和工人们从中学习宝贵经验。不幸的是，毛子找来的这批专家都不太靠谱。其中之一就是爱德华-格罗泰（Edward Grotte）。虽然他只为苏联工作了将近2年时间（1930年3月-1931年秋），但在这段时间里他开发出了不少有趣的设计。

In March of 1931, Grotte proposed two variants of a monstroustank. 1000 tons, with either 3 or 6 turrets, armed with 304 mm, 152 mm, 76 mm,and 45 mm cannons (two of each!). 40 people serviced this mobile fortress.Front armour was 300 mm thick, the sides were 250 mm. The tank would bepropelled to 60 kph by an assembly of engines totaling 24 000 hp. The tankwould have electric controls and a hydromechanical transmission. If you thoughtthat the T95′s double tracks were impressive, think again. Grotte’s creationhad three sets.

1931年3月，格罗泰提出了2部怪兽级别的坦克设计。1000吨，装备3或6座炮塔，装备304mm，152mm，76mm和45mm炮（均为双联），乘员40人。前装甲为300mm，而侧面也达到了250mm。该坦克由多台组装引擎驱动，总功率24000马力，使其极速达到了60km/h。它由电气控制，采用液力传动。如果你觉得T95的双履带设计已经够震撼了，看看这个，格罗泰的这个怪物每侧有3条履带

天才还是逗比：设计师爱德华-格罗泰

格罗泰的1000吨坦克草图

Grotte’s main creation was much more reasonable: Tank Grotte, amedium breakthrough tank, was only 25 tons in mass, was armed with a 76.2 mmGrotte-Sechyantov gun and a 37 mm gun in a turret above it, kind of like the M3Lee. Also much like the Lee, the main gun could not rotate all the way around.It was limited to aiming 10 degrees each way, with -8 degrees of gundepression. The 37 mm PS-1 gun in the turret could depress to an impressive -12degrees. The tank also had five machine guns. The much more realistic 250 hpengine provided a maximum speed of 35 kph. An interesting feature of the tankwas emergency brakes, meant to stop the tank as quickly as possible in theevent of a damaged track. One of these tanks was built and tested, but provedtoo complicated and unreliable to mass produce.

格罗泰的主要设计还是比较正常的：格罗泰坦克，一个中型突破坦克，总重仅为25吨，装备一门76.2mm格罗泰-谢克阳托夫（Grotte-Sechyantov）炮，并在主炮塔之上的小炮塔中装备一门37mm炮，类似于M3“李”。和“李”类似的是，主炮塔不能全向转动---左右射界均只有10度，俯角-8度。小炮塔中的37mmPS-1炮的俯角达到了-12度。该坦克还装备有5挺机枪，250马力引擎使其极速达到了35km/h。它的另一个有趣的特征为紧急刹车装置，在履带损坏的情况下可以让坦克尽快的停下。造出了一部坦克并进行了测试，但是发现过于复杂，可靠性不佳，不利于大规模生产。

天才还是逗比：设计师爱德华-格罗泰

TG中型突破坦克：履带取下（上）和装上（下）的状态

In March of 1932, Grotte was back to heavy tanks. The TG-VI 3was only 70-75 tons, a far cry from his kiloton monster. Armour of the tank wasbetween 60 and 70 mm, and it was armed with two 45 mm guns and one 76 mmsemi-auto gun or 100 mm gun. An 850 hp engine would push the tank to areasonable 30 kph. This tank did not go very far, but far enough to serve as abase for the T-42 project. This tank was more optimistic, at 100 tons, with a2000 hp engine for its rated 30 kph speed (or only 18 kph, if he only had the850 hp M-34 engine). The T-42 had a 107 mm gun in its central turret (270degree traverse), a 76 mm gun in the front turret (202 degree traverse), and a45 mm gun in the rear turret (278 degree traverse). Since no bridge could holdthis tank, it could be automatically brought into water-tight condition andford a water hazard of up to 2 meters deep.

1932年3月，格罗泰又开始了重型坦克的设计。TG-VI3型仅重70-75吨，和他之前的千吨坦克差得不知道到哪去了。它的装甲介于60-70mm之间，装备2门45mm和1门76mm半自动或100mm炮，850马力的引擎能使其极速达到30km/h。该坦克的发展没有进行多久，但是后来却成为了T-42坦克的基础。T-42情况要稍好一些，重100吨，2000马力引擎，极速30（如果装备850马力M-34的话极速就只有18）。T-42在中央主炮塔上装备有107mm炮（射界270度），前炮塔中有一门76mm炮（射界202度），尾炮塔中则有45mm炮（射界278度）。因为没有桥梁能供这部坦克通过，它在泅渡时可自动变为水封状态，最大涉水深度2m

天才还是逗比：设计师爱德华-格罗泰

T-42坦克

Grotte’s last contribution to the world of armoured warfare wasthe 1000 ton Ratte tank, cancelled by Speer in 1943.

格罗泰的对世界坦克发展的最后贡献是1000吨的巨鼠（Ratte）坦克，但在1943年被斯佩尔取消